Understanding of the Flynn Effect

The Flynn Effect, first saw by James Flynn in 1981, is the consistent year on year increment in IQ scores on insight tests, taking note of a more noteworthy ascent in liquid (non-verbal) knowledge than solidified (verbal) insight. There are various examinations giving proof with this impact prompting the inquiry; are ages getting increasingly keen? There is no widespread meaning of knowledge, driving numerous analysts to attempt to find normal subjects around the world.Yang and Sternberg (1997b) discovered similitudes in thoughts of insight among Western and Eastern societies at the end of the day, alongside different specialists, for example, Baral and Das (2004), presumed that there are incredible contrasts between originations of knowledge around the globe. Because of this, there have been a wide range of strategies used to gauge insight throughout the years, from Binet and Simon’s (1911) knowledge test, to Gardner’s (1983) numerous knowledge theory.One of the more a cknowledged and generally utilized techniques intended to test knowledge is the (IQ) test, created by William Stern in 1912, a thought utilized by numerous other insight scientists. In 1981, while auditing insight tests to test legitimacy for new forms, James Flynn saw that at whatever point members were given an old test and another test to finish, they generally got higher scores on the more up to date test. He proceeded to take a gander at a further 73 examinations (Flynn, 1984) and found that somewhere in the range of 1932 and 1978, white Americans had increased 14 IQ focuses, supporting his unique discovery.In 1987 he distributed insight test information from 14 nations (Flynn, 1987), reaching the resolution that IQ scores were rising in America, yet over various nations and societies, further showing proof for his revelation. In endeavor to understand Flynn’s disclosure, it has been recommended that ages are getting increasingly insightful, a thought that Flynn himself precludes. He contended that if ages were getting progressively insightful, we would hope to see a regularly rising number of masters on the planet which we don’t.So for what reason are IQ scores getting higher? In 1998, Ulrich (Neisser, 1998a) altered a book recommending some conceivable ecological clarifications for the Flynn Effect. The book was added to by Flynn (1998), Greenfield (1998), Lynn (1998), Neisser (1998b), Schooler (1998) and Williams (1998). It secured 5 primary territories: tutoring, test-taking modernity, parental raising style, visual and specialized condition and nourishment. In any case, Lynn (1990) initially separated these thoughts into two contradicting speculations; the nourishment theory and the psychological incitement hypothesis.The Nutrition theory recommends that sustenance is a key factor in ages' expanded insight, Lynn (1990; 1998). It considers sustenance to be expanding knowledge as a feature of a sustaining situation, including longer futur es, improved wellbeing and lower baby ailment. As food has gotten all the more promptly accessible to the vast majority, we are definitely getting a greater amount of the sustenance and food that our bodies and cerebrums require, which means our bodies and minds are increasingly fit for performing to the best of their ability.Compared with ages prior, when food and water was scant it is nearly expected that we ought to accomplish better outcomes on insight tests when our cerebrums are better sustained and furnished to manage them. Normal human stature has additionally ascended throughout the only remaining century, which has been ascribed to sustenance. Lynn (1990;1998) proposed this could be huge, as mind size has been connected to nourishment and furthermore to insight. A few analysts started taking a gander at specific supplements corresponding to intelligence.Quian et al (2005) took a gander at the impacts of iodine on insight. Discoveries demonstrated that the kids who had gott en iodine supplements when birth scored altogether higher on knowledge tests than youngsters who hadn’t. Iodine is currently notable as one of the most significant minerals for good wellbeing. Benton and Roberts (1988) directed an examination including 90 kids partitioned into 3 gatherings of 30. Gathering 1 were given an enhancement which contained various nutrients and minerals. Gathering 2 were given a fake treatment and Group 3 was not given anything.8 months after the fact Benton and Roberts (1988) found that in Group 1 a huge increment in non-verbal (liquid) insight scores was watched, supporting the Flynn impact. Notwithstanding, there was no huge contrast between verbal (solidified) insight scores. Further examination into understanding the Flynn impact saw Colom, Luis-Font and Andres-Pueyo (2005) test two enormous examples of Spanish young men with a multi year hole in a proportion of liquid insight. A huge ascent in IQ scores was seen in the later example, with disc overies strangely taking note of knowledge gains for the most part saw among the lower percentile of IQ scores.Teasdale and Owen (1989) and Lynn and Hampson (1986) had recently discovered comparative outcomes. These discoveries, and numerous different replications, bolster the Nutrition speculation as proof for the Flynn impact. When all is said in done these sorts of studies have given a lot of proof to infer that IQ is influenced by nutrient/mineral enhancements on non-verbal proportions of knowledge, in any case, it is getting progressively difficult to test this as a great many people are very much fed nowadays especially in Western cultures.Future studies could keep on taking a gander at which specific supplements influence which specific zones of insight, and focus on expanding the examination to a more extensive assortment of societies and financial foundations. A considerable lot of the recently referenced investigations utilize an example comprising of just guys, which make s results less agent to the whole populace. The Cognitive Stimulation theory, considers a portion of different thoughts referenced in Neisser’s book (Neisser 1998a), recommending that higher insight is driven by upgrades in psychological stimulation.In specific, visual examination and specialized advances are viewed as making knowledge increment. Visual investigation can extend between numerous things, from photos, messages on grain boxes, puzzles in a paper, to TV programs. Perhaps the greatest change in the twentieth century was the appearance of visual media, for example, TV and the web. These days pretty much every home has a TV and many have PCs and access to the internet.Children presently have a lot more extensive access to instructive toys, games, TV projects and PC projects, and grown-ups now partake in numerous intellectually requesting exercises, for example, perusing, puzzles, computer games and utilizing gadgets, for example, TV and PCs. Johnson (2003) contends t hat well known TV has gotten all the more intellectually requesting as of late. One model is children’s network show Sesame Street, intended to increment children’s knowledge and mindfulness by giving mental incitement at an early age.Sesame Street is currently an honor winning show and is perceived as assisting with creating children’s comprehension and capacities (Palmer, 2003). Indeed, even straightforward things, for example, adverts furnish us with subjective incitement, once in a while expecting watchers to work out a covered up or conceptual importance, contrasted and substantially more straight forward adverts seen from years prior. Insight tests, for example, Raven’s lattices measure visual investigation, on which the biggest increases in IQ have been found offering help for the subjective incitement hypothesis.Some of different thoughts referenced in Neisser’s book incorporate tutoring, test-taking advancement and parental raising style. These days, we go to class for some a larger number of years than our folks and grandparents. Cahan and Cohen (1989) found that length of tutoring impacts insight, anyway their outcomes proposed bigger ascents in verbal knowledge, in this manner not giving proof to the Flynn impact. Test-taking refinement is the possibility that we are simply commonly more mindful of insight tests than ages prior. Level of intelligence tests are something we find out about in school as encouraging today is commonly equipped towards accomplishment tests.This might clarify better scores in knowledge tests by the individuals who know why and what they are doing them for, however it is obscure whether this could clarify the accentuation on non-verbal insight found in the Flynn impact, as it is a troublesome idea to test. Parental raising styles have additionally changed, with families getting littler significance every youngster is investing more energy with their folks. Flynn (1998) and Williams (1998) likewise recommend that today’s guardians are more intrigued by their children’s scholarly advancement than in past generations.However, it could be contended that because of the Flynn impact, today’s guardians are just more smart than their own folks and grandparents, and in this way better ready to direct and teach their own kids. In the event that the psychological incitement speculation can genuinely clarify the Flynn impact, at that point we should see an ascent of IQ scores across ages at all degrees of IQ (Flynn, 2003; Lynn (1990) yet in the event that the wholesome theory gives the clarification, insight additions would show up more so at the base finish of IQ scores, where nourishing hardship is at the very least (Flynn, 2003).Neither the healthful speculation nor the intellectual incitement theory seems, by all accounts, to be recounting to the entire story corresponding to the Flynn impact, and there are as yet numerous different hypotheses out there . Some recommend regular choice as a reason, for example, Deary et al, 2004 who discovered huge relationship between's low IQ score and danger of cardiovascular ailment and passing. Anyway this could be down to natural elements brought about by lower IQ, for example, destitution and day to day environments which could prompt passing and disease Gottfredson 1997. Mind size has additionally been propose

Personal Risk Profile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Individual Risk Profile - Essay Example As a nonpartisan financial specialist, from the venture decisions, I might want to choose bank store for example term store in term store where I can get 6% enthusiasm on my speculation every year and requires just $ 25000 as a base store and having just 2 years locking period. The term store gives wellbeing other than guaranteeing a predictable return. After the 2 years, I can pull back the cash whenever which implies the liquidity of reserve. On the off chance that I have $500000 in my grasp by storing the money stashed away as a fixed store I will get 6% enthusiasm on the store which is 500000 * 6/100 = 30000. Putting cash in the ledger as a fixed store would empower me to win an enthusiasm of $ 30000. In the ledger, money the executives is likewise a decent decision since it gives a loan fee of 6.4% every year and it requires a lock-in time of just two years. The base store starts at $ 10000. Bank store is along these lines a more secure and dependable venture contrasted with corporate security and interest in shares. As an impartial speculator, I am not ready to face numerous challenges and I am looking for a more secure venture region. Interests in shares are less secure regardless of whether it gives a decent return. In any case, such ventures are dependent upon a few elements. There is additionally a high chance of continuing misfortunes when the market crashes for a few or other explanation. The economic situations stay exceptionally unpredictable. Then again, in the event that I put resources into bank stores, there is an appropriate assurance of the arrival however it is similarly less. Along these lines, as a hazard nonpartisan financial specialist, I will pick bank store as my favored technique for speculation. Hazard avoidance indicates to an investor’s disposition in a speculation alternative where he lean towards lower chance territory. â€Å"A hazard unwilling financial specialist detests hazard and along these lines will avoid including high-chance stocks or ventures to their portfolio and thus will frequently miss out on higher paces of return. Financial specialists searching for more secure ventures will by and large stick to list assets and government bonds, which for the most part have lower returns† (Risk Averse, 2011, para. 2).

Different Aspects of Emily Essay

Frequently individuals are stuck previously and can't acknowledge reality, the present, and modernization circumventing them. The character of Emily Grierson in William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is one from this classification of individuals. Emily Grierson was a weird character with recognized attributes. From the perspective of many, she is an insane lady since she slaughters her sweetheart so as to keep him always with herself. Miss Emily Grierson is a static character that is secured her previous existence. She can't change herself and move on with the wheels of time. William Faulkner, using different images showing passing and rot, depicted a lady whose life closes some time before her demise. The first and one of the huge images of death and rot introduced in the story is Miss Emily’s house itself. The look, setting and climate of the house furnish us with the highlights of death and rot in Emily’s life. The road where her home is found has changed totally with the exception of Miss Emily’s house. â€Å"Garages and cotton gins had infringed and decimated even the august names of that neighborhood† (28). The house that once had been delightful is demolished at this point. â€Å"†¦lifting its difficult and teasing rot over the cotton wagons and the gas siphons a blemish among eyesores† (28). Cotton gins, cotton wagons, and the gas pipes are on the whole images demonstrating the new and modernized time and period where despite everything stands, Emily’s old and devastated house. Emily’s house was a blemish in the city, and Emily herself was a more prominent blemish in her general public. The whole look from within the house is additionally an image speaking to death and rot. Within her home is investigated in the story just because when the assignment advisory group came to ask Miss Emily to cover her duties. They went through the entryway that no guest had breathed easy and entered a diminish lobby. â€Å"When the Negro opened the blinds of one window, they could see that the cowhide was split; and when they plunked down, a black out residue rose languidly about their thighs, turning with moderate bits in the single sun-ray† (29). The old furniture in her home, the splits on her couch and the residue shrouded things in the spot propose the dull part of herâ life. The murkiness and diminished air of the spot, toss us into an air of bluntness and bitterness that exhibits the huge component of Emily’s character. Miss Emily Grierson, herself is the most significant image speaking to death and rot in her own life. Her appearance, face and her highlights all propose a kind of bluntness and tranquility in her life. â€Å"She looked enlarged, similar to a body since quite a while ago lowered in still water, and of that pale tone. Her eyes, lost in the greasy edges of her face, seemed as though two little bits of coal squeezed into a piece of mixture as they moved from one face to another†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (29). The depiction of Emily and the highlights of her face gave by the creator exhibit the dry and fatal character of Emily more unmistakably. Miss Emily is additionally an extremely unsocial and confined individual. The over ensuring conduct of her dad and such a large number of limitations put upon her by him, had an incredible impact and effect in forming her character. She does not have the components of dynamic public activity and specialty of correspondence in her life. Emily has an amazingly pleased and pretentious manner as a result of her family status. â€Å"She conveyed her head sufficiently high in any event, when we accepted that she was fallen† (32). This sentence depicts her distinguished conduct and high disposition. Her privileged conduct disconnects her more from the general public, disregarding her with her progressive passing, her sole partner. Emily’s failure to acknowledge the present and change itself is a huge image showing demise and rot in her life. For instance, when specialists go to her and request that her compensation her assessments she consequently lets them know; â€Å"See Colonel Sartoris. I have no duties in Jefferson† (30). Around then, almost ten years had gone since the demise of colonel Sartoris. This occurrence plainly shows Emily’s inclusion in her previous existence, and the way that she was not proceeding onward with the pace of time. Another scene all the more plainly delineating this quality of Emily is the point at which her dad bites the dust; she saves the dead body of her dad for three days in her home. After the demise of her dad she trims her hair short; â€Å"†¦her hair was short, making her resemble a girl†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (31). This occurrence likewise underlines that she needs to be her father’s little girl once more. This episode shows that she doesn't be a ble to acknowledge the truth, or perhaps she wouldn't like to do as such. Homer Barron is an image speaking to modernization and appearance of new period and age. Homer is a Northerner, a Yankee, introducing the time of assembling industry, innovation, advancement, and reproduction. His motivation of going toward the South is to work for development and remodel; clearing the walkways of the city. His own character likewise shows components of modernization. He couldn't care less about the code of conduct which is significant in Emily’s people group, a Southern culture. The story presents Homer as an individual who isn't a wedding man and likes to be free and favors lone wolf life. â€Å"Whenever you heard a great deal of snickering anyplace about the square, Homer Barron would be in the focal point of the group† (31). The portrayal of Homer Barron in the story proposes that he was a joyful individual, preferred gatherings and appreciated gathering with others. It additionally shows his energetic character which is totally the contrary character of Emily Grierson. Homer was an individual speaking to present and future, and Emily can not leave her past and push forward so she slaughters Homer and save him for ever hers. The entirety of the images present the segregated and consistent character of Emily, which was still and static through the progression of time. Emily’s soul was secured with the residue of dejection and diminished by pain, distress and everlasting pity. In the story â€Å"fallen monument† alludes to Emily. Emily was a landmark, a legend that has been demolished and broken by the progression of time as a result of absence of care and consideration. Not a solitary light of satisfaction or bliss was a major part of her life. Being a young lady, when she had been delightful and alluring, however she was disregarded in view of the conditions throughout her life. Emily lost her spirit step by step through her lifetime and was in reality dead some time before her demise. Work Cited Faulkner, William. â€Å"A Rose for Emily.† Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Ed. X. J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. eighth ed. New York: Longman, 2002. 28-35.

Marie Kashpaw - Seeking Identity - Literature Essay Samples

In the book Love Medicine, Louise Erdrich transcribes about the lives of Native American families and relationships during the period between 1934 and 1983. The story is set on an unnamed Native American reservation of the Chippewa tribe in North Dakota. The story follows multiple characters throughout their lives while they encounter new experiences and people. The novel introduces the main character Marie Lazarre as a youth and follows her life through marriage and old age. The focus of this paper will be to study the character of Marie Lazarre (later Marie Kashpaw). Marie is in search of her identity as she is a mixed blood in a Native American family. The study focuses on her early life, her religious beliefs throughout her life, her experiences in the convent and later her marriage to Nector Kashpaw and her relationship with her family. The novel suggests that Marie Lazarre was born in the 1920s; she is born a mixed blood, as her father is white. She is raised by Sophie and Izear Lazarre who are her supposed family, her mother Sophie is said to be an old drunk. She is a child of the Lazarre family which has a bad reputation and she is also considered a lowlife because of her half white descent. Marie is raised on the Native American reservation but does not fit in, as she is not considered as part of them. Marie tries hard to redefine her identity to earn cultural acceptance and respect but end up stuck between two paradigms which she does not completely belong to. In the native community, she is considered half-blood and looked down upon due to her heritage similarly in the white community and the convent she is regarded as Native and cannot fully belong. She undergoes religious and cultural conflicts in an attempt to empower herself and fit in but realizes they cannot entirely blend. In her journey of seeking her identity, Marie loses and seeks power, love and respect all through as she navigates through various conflicting cultural and religious identities, but eventually manages to accomplish her goals and be empowered by her experiences. At the beginning of the novel, Marie Lazarre wants to be acknowledged as a Catholic white girl because she identifies herself with the Virgin Mary, who signifies power. At the age of fourteen, she joins the Sacred Heart Convent in search of a new identity among the Catholic sisters. She asserts, â€Å"I was going up there to pray as good as they could. Because I don’t have that much Indian blood† (Erdrich, 2004). Marie denies her Native American descent, and she embraces her whiteness and finds her place in the Catholic and white community. She tries hard to demonstrate that she is a good individual like the nuns and devotes herself to praying frequently. Marie believes that proving to be the best Catholic will earn her a place and respect among the people. She wants to earn the highest achievement of sainthood through complete devotion to the ways of the Catholics. Her obstinacy and spite seem to surpass her genuine belief in the church and God. She yearns for an estee med identity and fitting in, and if it requires her to be a devoted Catholic, then she will be best Catholic there is. At the time the convent was the perfect place for a woman seeking authority and respect in the white community, hence Marie’s devotion to Catholicism despite a weak faith. Marie not being born in a Catholic or white society proves to be difficult for her to identify with it. She, however, believes that if she dons the role of a good Catholic girl she will eventually be part of the community. Marie states, â€Å"I had the mail-order Catholic soul you get in a girl raised out in the bush†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Erdrich, 2004). Emphasizing her weak faith in church but believes it’s a way of belonging. Marie does not have a strong faith in the ways of the church but takes the church as a means of fitting in. She believes that her worldview is completely separate from her outside appearance and devotion in the church will give her a new identity. Asserting to herself that her â€Å"soul went cheap† (Erdrich, 2004). To Marie, the Catholic convent is a place to redefine herself and build a new identity among the community she feels closest to. She wants to be valued and accepted irrespective of her heredity unlike in the reservation where she is looked down upon. In the convent, Marie strives to receive love and respect from Sister Leopolda, unlike Leopolda who seeks the adoration and love of God. Marie has a love/hate relationship with the Sister; she trusts the nun because she looks up to her but also hate her because she tortures and torments her. Marie says that â€Å"But I wanted Sister Leopolda’s, heart†¦ sometimes I wanted her heart in love and admiration. And sometimes I wanted her heart to roast on a black stick† (Erdrich, 2004) which perfectly describes their relationship. Sister Leopolda is a zealous nun who has a strong belief in the church and shows this by tormenting both herself and Marie. Sister Leopolda believes she sees the devil in Marie and goes to extreme lengths to eliminate him from Marie. The Sister tortures Marie frequently at the hopes of freeing her from Satan, as she is a reservation girl with shamanic beliefs. The Sister justifies her actions towards Marie and attempts of commencing her to the C atholic faith as a portrayal of love. Marie does not possess a strong faith in God like Sister Leopolda because she only seeks attention and approval from her to fill the emptiness and loneliness she feels. Ultimately, Marie wants to exceed Leopolda’s accomplishments and eventually become a saint to be triumphant and have respect. Marie and Sister Leopolda strive to outdo and have power over each other through their violent encounters on several different occasions. Sister Leopolda cruel treatment towards Marie is a way of indoctrination; the nun is attempting to eliminate the shamanic ways in Marie’s mind and commence her into the Catholic faith. Marie believes that if she defeats the Sister in the physical and mental battle, she will be the better Catholic and attain sainthood and respect. After the last fight, Marie states, â€Å"I was being worshiped. I had somehow gained the altar of a saint† (Erdrich, 2004), somehow she had attained sainthood. Sister Leopolda in an attempt to free herself from being accused of violent torments towards Marie lied to the nuns about her wound. She claimed the wound appeared out of nowhere implying that the wound as the stigmata o f Christ (Erdrich, 2004). Marie is now considered a saint in the eyes of the nuns, and she has finally earned power and respect. Unfortunately, her triumph is short-lived as she starts feeling remorse towards Sister Leopolda. Marie claims, â€Å"It was a feeling more terrible than any amount of boiling water and worse than being forked† (Erdrich, 2004) which her feelings of pity for the nun. Marie’s finds out that her weakness is her feelings. She thought that such a win over the Sister will satisfy her and finally get what she has always wanted. Marie finally gains the power she always seeks through sainthood but loses her sense of identity through her struggles with the Sister. Marie’s realization that Sister Leopolda is flawed too makes her shift her attitude towards the nun. She realizes that the devil is in Leopolda too because she lied to protect herself from scrutiny. Sister Leopolda used torture as a means to cope with the fear that she has the devil in her too. The realization heals Marie’s mental and emotional wounds she got from the nun’s torments. Marie asserts, â€Å"Rise up! I thought. Rise up and walk! There is no limit to the dust† (Erdrich, 2004). She comes to a conclusion that she does not want to be a Catholic any longer and leaves the convent for good. Even though she attained what she lurked for, sainthood and respect, she grasps that she does not want it anymore. Marie leaves to seek an identity that suits her transition to adulthood in search of love and liberation. Marie com prehends that the torture and torments in the convent made her stronger mentally and emotionally and made her grasp what she wanted in life. In her adulthood Marie transitions from seeking identity through religion to searching for love and freedom despite initial scrutiny and judgment from the tribe. Marie and Nector first meet when Marie escapes the convent after the final fight with Sister Leopolda. She runs off with a wounded hand and comes across Nector who thinks she has stolen the cloth on her arm. At first glance Nector judges her like everyone in the tribe; he says, â€Å"Marie Lazarre is the youngest daughter of a family of horse-thieving drunks. Stealing sacred linen fits what I know of that blood† (Erdrich, 2004). They end up fighting because Marie wants to protect her dignity while Nector thinks she is good for nothing thief. She curses Nector with slurs as she fights him but when he sees her wounded arm and gains sympathy. Nector sees her like a wounded animal and handles her delicately before realizing the sexual tension between them. Marie ignites emotion and feeling in Nector who now accepts and un derstands her. A relationship builds between the two and eventually, they get married and start a family in the community. In marriage, Marie seeks respect, power, and cultural identity through wifehood, motherhood, and authority in the community. Marie and Nector Kashpaw adopt homeless kids in the reservation to cope with the loss of their previous two babies in a year. They eventually manage to bear five more biological children. Marie gains more respect as a mother of both her children and the community. Nector begins to be absent in the lives of his family because of the number of children. Marie decides to encourage Nector to the chairmanship in the community for her to get respect and power. Marie says, â€Å"I was going to make him into something big. I didn’t know what, not yet; I only knew when he got there they would not whisper ’dirty Lazarre’ They would wish they were the woman I was.† (Erdrich, 2004). She wanted to belong and get authority in the tribe which she never had because of her background. Nector got the chairmanship and was a respected member of the trib e and the white society, finally Marie’s attempt worked and now she was in the realm of reverence. Though she has reverence in the community, Marie still hopes for her husband’s love to fuel her self-worth but eventually learns to empower and love herself. Marie states, â€Å"†¦by now I was solid class. Nector was tribal chairman. My children were well behaved and they were educated too† (Erdrich, 2004). Despite this Marie yearns Nector’s love even though he does not truly love her back and treats her below par. Her husband is her source of love that she gives to the people around her and especially to him. Nector cheats on Marie frequently with other women especially Lulu who he is truly in love with. He leaves Marie at some point where she becomes broken down and devastated. Nector’s lack of love towards her only makes her work hard and stronger; she becomes empowered as a result of not getting adoration from her adulterous husband. She narrates, â€Å"But I was not going under, even if he left me†¦I could leave off my fear of ever being a Lazarre† (Erdrich, 2004). Marie had finally learned to be a free and independent individual as her new identity, by empowering herself to an autonomous and respected matriarch. Nector eventually comes back to her, but he is still in love with Lulu till his unfortunate death at old age. Even though Marie is always in love with him and even attempts to rekindle their love during his final moments, she was able to manifest her own self-worth through her accomplishments in the community. Marie embraces her identity as a respected matriarch and learns to give love to her family as much as she hopes to receive it. Marie and her adopted grandson Lipsha Morrissey develop a deeper relationship later in her life while she resides at a retirement home. They create a stronger bond when Lipsha helps his adopted grandmother to rekindle her love with Nector Kashpaw. Encompassing the story’s title Marie wants Lipsha to work on love medicine on Nector so he can be faithful to her alone (Erdrich, 2004). Marie and Lipsha plot, so Nector eats a goose heart while she eats one too for the love medicine. Lipsha, however, compromises on the type of goose heart and settles for store turkey heart as an alternative to a self-killed goose heart. He claims that the love medicine does not work, but the people’s belief in it is what actually works. Nector, however, refuses to eat the heart and just places it in his mouth which unfortunately chokes him to death. Marie and Lipsha m ourn the misfortune, and eventually, Marie tells Lipsha that he has always been her favorite. Following Marie from her youth, marriage and old age throughout the novel, she seeks respect, love, and power which she gets at different points. Marie has juggled two paradigms in her entire life from religious ways to shamanic beliefs and from her half-white heritage to her Native side. From the teenage years when she wanted acceptance and respect in the white community which she finally attained through her sainthood. Growing into adulthood, she realized other things she actually wanted from life such as love from Nector Kashpaw. She builds a family and learns about giving love and being part of a bigger picture. Marie’s faces judgment from people in the tribe and pursues power in the community through her husband and eventually gain respect and power. In womanhood, she embraces her culture and language abandoning her previous inclinations towards Catholicism altogether. In her later years, she becomes an activist and elder of the tribe and a respected individual in the Nat ive American community. Throughout her life, she has attained all her goals deliberately and unintentionally from her childhood to an elder. The experiences through the stages of her life shaped and prepared her physically and emotionally ready for what was to come. Marie’s self-empowerment and self-worth molded her to the individual she finally becomes in her later years.

The Supremacy Clause Is The Clause That Establishes The...

Supremacy Clause Matthew Newkirk Constitutional Law Mr. Timothy Allmond Wiregrass Georgia Technical College November 19, 2015 Abstract The Supremacy Clause is the clause that establishes the federal government’s authority over state governments. The Supremacy Clause is found in the U.S. Constitution in Clause Two of Article Six. This Clause upholds the United States Constitution, federal statutes, and treaties as the supreme law of the land. Federal law’s supremacy applies only if Congress is acting in fulfilment of its constitutionally authorized powers. The Clause directly states, â€Å"This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof; and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land; and the judges in every state shall be bound thereby, anything in the constitution or laws of any state to the contrary notwithstanding.† The Supremacy Clause was born from the Federalist Papers which are writings of Federalist James Madison. The Supremacy Clause is a federal mandate in the U. S. Constitution that stated whenever conflict between state-level and national-level authority, the federal government always has supremacy in the matter, meaning that the federal government is the supreme law of the land. â€Å"When a state law conflicts with a federal law, the Supremacy Clause provides resolution† (Dow). 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Comparison and Contrast of Forecast Methods - 1585 Words

Comparison and Contrast of Forecast Methods MGT 554 Operations Management University of Phoenix Professor Leonard Enger May 1, 2006 TABLE OF CONTENT Cover PageÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â….1 Table of ContentsÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…...2 Seasonal ForecastingÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…..3 Delphi MethodÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…4 Technological MethodÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…5 Time-series forecastingÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…...6 Company Forecasting MethodsÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…..7 ConclusionÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…..8 ReferencesÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…..9 Comparison and Contrast of Forecast Methods There are several different methods that can be used to create a forecast, this paper will compare and contrast the Seasonal, Delphi, Technological and Time Series method of forecasting. Factors to†¦show more content†¦http://www.ryerson.ca/~mjoppe/ResearchProcess/841TheDelphiMethod.htm Technological Method The Technological Forecasting method is used to analyze the market for the life span of an existing technology to determine if its close to end of like and to see if a new product or technology is ready to enter an existing market. It is also used to identify competing new technology and to forecast sales. Before a new innovative product enters into the market Technology Forecasting is one of several methods used to determine if customers will buy it. The Technology method should always be used in conjunction with other tools to identify prospective customers, prototypes, focus groups, interviews, market testing, internet polls and other tools to get a better understanding of the market. The major techniques for technological forecasting is numeric data and judgmental. 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Social Networking Sites Beneficial to Societys Essay Example For Students

Social Networking Sites: Beneficial to Societys Essay Social networking sites are great for society, promoting increased communication and connection between hundreds of millions of people throughout the world. While some people do argue that the dangers of online networking far outweigh the benefits, it is clear that this is not the case; rather it is the other way around. Online social networking can be broadly defined as any website or other type of online communication that allows people to interact with each other. Blogging, or keeping an online journal, first became popular in the late 1990’s. As blogging began to appeal to more and more people, pure social networking sites appeared. SixDegrees.com (1997-2001) was the first website that allowed users to create personal profiles and connect with friends. In 2002, Friendster was formed, popularizing social networking before Myspace, Facebook, and Twitter came along in 2003, 2004, and 2006 respectively. â€Å"Currently, social networking/blogging sites account for over 17% of all time spent on the internet† (â€Å"Are Social Networking Sites†). The addition of multimedia capabilities has been a major attraction to users. Through social networking sites, the average internet user can upload music, pictures, and videos to online web pages easily. As these sites grow in popularity, the user base is expanding to include more people over the age of 50, in addition to the millions of teens that already use them. There are numerous benefits to social networking with sites such as Facebook and Myspace. For one, the increased communication strengthens relationships. Internet users usually tend to have larger social networks than non-users, and by maintaining those relationships online they are able to stay in touch with many more f. ./?pageID=cagoterminalL=4LO=HomeL1. â€Å"Common Sense Media Poll: Parents Out of Teens’ Social Networking Loop.† Entertainment Close-up. 12 August 2009. Courtney, Vicki. â€Å"Logged On and Tuned Out.† Nashville: BH Publishing Group, 2007. Derbyshire, David. â€Å"Social Websites Harm Children’s Brains: Chilling Warning to Parents from Top Neuroscientist.† Daily Mail. 24 February 2009. â€Å"Educational Benefits of Social Networking Sites Uncovered.† Science Daily. 21 June 2008. Joiner, Whitney. â€Å"Ego Trip.† Teen Vogue. April 2010. Mooney, Carla. â€Å"Online Social Networking.† Farmington Hills: Lucent Books, 2009. Rogers, Vanessa. â€Å"Cyberbullying.† Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2010. â€Å"Short Circuit. † Teen Vogue. April 2010. Sommers, Michael. â€Å"The Dangers of Online Predators.† New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc., 2008.