Understanding of the Flynn Effect

The Flynn Effect, first saw by James Flynn in 1981, is the consistent year on year increment in IQ scores on insight tests, taking note of a more noteworthy ascent in liquid (non-verbal) knowledge than solidified (verbal) insight. There are various examinations giving proof with this impact prompting the inquiry; are ages getting increasingly keen? There is no widespread meaning of knowledge, driving numerous analysts to attempt to find normal subjects around the world.Yang and Sternberg (1997b) discovered similitudes in thoughts of insight among Western and Eastern societies at the end of the day, alongside different specialists, for example, Baral and Das (2004), presumed that there are incredible contrasts between originations of knowledge around the globe. Because of this, there have been a wide range of strategies used to gauge insight throughout the years, from Binet and Simon’s (1911) knowledge test, to Gardner’s (1983) numerous knowledge theory.One of the more a cknowledged and generally utilized techniques intended to test knowledge is the (IQ) test, created by William Stern in 1912, a thought utilized by numerous other insight scientists. In 1981, while auditing insight tests to test legitimacy for new forms, James Flynn saw that at whatever point members were given an old test and another test to finish, they generally got higher scores on the more up to date test. He proceeded to take a gander at a further 73 examinations (Flynn, 1984) and found that somewhere in the range of 1932 and 1978, white Americans had increased 14 IQ focuses, supporting his unique discovery.In 1987 he distributed insight test information from 14 nations (Flynn, 1987), reaching the resolution that IQ scores were rising in America, yet over various nations and societies, further showing proof for his revelation. In endeavor to understand Flynn’s disclosure, it has been recommended that ages are getting increasingly insightful, a thought that Flynn himself precludes. He contended that if ages were getting progressively insightful, we would hope to see a regularly rising number of masters on the planet which we don’t.So for what reason are IQ scores getting higher? In 1998, Ulrich (Neisser, 1998a) altered a book recommending some conceivable ecological clarifications for the Flynn Effect. The book was added to by Flynn (1998), Greenfield (1998), Lynn (1998), Neisser (1998b), Schooler (1998) and Williams (1998). It secured 5 primary territories: tutoring, test-taking modernity, parental raising style, visual and specialized condition and nourishment. In any case, Lynn (1990) initially separated these thoughts into two contradicting speculations; the nourishment theory and the psychological incitement hypothesis.The Nutrition theory recommends that sustenance is a key factor in ages' expanded insight, Lynn (1990; 1998). It considers sustenance to be expanding knowledge as a feature of a sustaining situation, including longer futur es, improved wellbeing and lower baby ailment. As food has gotten all the more promptly accessible to the vast majority, we are definitely getting a greater amount of the sustenance and food that our bodies and cerebrums require, which means our bodies and minds are increasingly fit for performing to the best of their ability.Compared with ages prior, when food and water was scant it is nearly expected that we ought to accomplish better outcomes on insight tests when our cerebrums are better sustained and furnished to manage them. Normal human stature has additionally ascended throughout the only remaining century, which has been ascribed to sustenance. Lynn (1990;1998) proposed this could be huge, as mind size has been connected to nourishment and furthermore to insight. A few analysts started taking a gander at specific supplements corresponding to intelligence.Quian et al (2005) took a gander at the impacts of iodine on insight. Discoveries demonstrated that the kids who had gott en iodine supplements when birth scored altogether higher on knowledge tests than youngsters who hadn’t. Iodine is currently notable as one of the most significant minerals for good wellbeing. Benton and Roberts (1988) directed an examination including 90 kids partitioned into 3 gatherings of 30. Gathering 1 were given an enhancement which contained various nutrients and minerals. Gathering 2 were given a fake treatment and Group 3 was not given anything.8 months after the fact Benton and Roberts (1988) found that in Group 1 a huge increment in non-verbal (liquid) insight scores was watched, supporting the Flynn impact. Notwithstanding, there was no huge contrast between verbal (solidified) insight scores. Further examination into understanding the Flynn impact saw Colom, Luis-Font and Andres-Pueyo (2005) test two enormous examples of Spanish young men with a multi year hole in a proportion of liquid insight. A huge ascent in IQ scores was seen in the later example, with disc overies strangely taking note of knowledge gains for the most part saw among the lower percentile of IQ scores.Teasdale and Owen (1989) and Lynn and Hampson (1986) had recently discovered comparative outcomes. These discoveries, and numerous different replications, bolster the Nutrition speculation as proof for the Flynn impact. When all is said in done these sorts of studies have given a lot of proof to infer that IQ is influenced by nutrient/mineral enhancements on non-verbal proportions of knowledge, in any case, it is getting progressively difficult to test this as a great many people are very much fed nowadays especially in Western cultures.Future studies could keep on taking a gander at which specific supplements influence which specific zones of insight, and focus on expanding the examination to a more extensive assortment of societies and financial foundations. A considerable lot of the recently referenced investigations utilize an example comprising of just guys, which make s results less agent to the whole populace. The Cognitive Stimulation theory, considers a portion of different thoughts referenced in Neisser’s book (Neisser 1998a), recommending that higher insight is driven by upgrades in psychological stimulation.In specific, visual examination and specialized advances are viewed as making knowledge increment. Visual investigation can extend between numerous things, from photos, messages on grain boxes, puzzles in a paper, to TV programs. Perhaps the greatest change in the twentieth century was the appearance of visual media, for example, TV and the web. These days pretty much every home has a TV and many have PCs and access to the internet.Children presently have a lot more extensive access to instructive toys, games, TV projects and PC projects, and grown-ups now partake in numerous intellectually requesting exercises, for example, perusing, puzzles, computer games and utilizing gadgets, for example, TV and PCs. Johnson (2003) contends t hat well known TV has gotten all the more intellectually requesting as of late. One model is children’s network show Sesame Street, intended to increment children’s knowledge and mindfulness by giving mental incitement at an early age.Sesame Street is currently an honor winning show and is perceived as assisting with creating children’s comprehension and capacities (Palmer, 2003). Indeed, even straightforward things, for example, adverts furnish us with subjective incitement, once in a while expecting watchers to work out a covered up or conceptual importance, contrasted and substantially more straight forward adverts seen from years prior. Insight tests, for example, Raven’s lattices measure visual investigation, on which the biggest increases in IQ have been found offering help for the subjective incitement hypothesis.Some of different thoughts referenced in Neisser’s book incorporate tutoring, test-taking advancement and parental raising style. These days, we go to class for some a larger number of years than our folks and grandparents. Cahan and Cohen (1989) found that length of tutoring impacts insight, anyway their outcomes proposed bigger ascents in verbal knowledge, in this manner not giving proof to the Flynn impact. Test-taking refinement is the possibility that we are simply commonly more mindful of insight tests than ages prior. Level of intelligence tests are something we find out about in school as encouraging today is commonly equipped towards accomplishment tests.This might clarify better scores in knowledge tests by the individuals who know why and what they are doing them for, however it is obscure whether this could clarify the accentuation on non-verbal insight found in the Flynn impact, as it is a troublesome idea to test. Parental raising styles have additionally changed, with families getting littler significance every youngster is investing more energy with their folks. Flynn (1998) and Williams (1998) likewise recommend that today’s guardians are more intrigued by their children’s scholarly advancement than in past generations.However, it could be contended that because of the Flynn impact, today’s guardians are just more smart than their own folks and grandparents, and in this way better ready to direct and teach their own kids. In the event that the psychological incitement speculation can genuinely clarify the Flynn impact, at that point we should see an ascent of IQ scores across ages at all degrees of IQ (Flynn, 2003; Lynn (1990) yet in the event that the wholesome theory gives the clarification, insight additions would show up more so at the base finish of IQ scores, where nourishing hardship is at the very least (Flynn, 2003).Neither the healthful speculation nor the intellectual incitement theory seems, by all accounts, to be recounting to the entire story corresponding to the Flynn impact, and there are as yet numerous different hypotheses out there . Some recommend regular choice as a reason, for example, Deary et al, 2004 who discovered huge relationship between's low IQ score and danger of cardiovascular ailment and passing. Anyway this could be down to natural elements brought about by lower IQ, for example, destitution and day to day environments which could prompt passing and disease Gottfredson 1997. Mind size has additionally been propose

Personal Risk Profile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Individual Risk Profile - Essay Example As a nonpartisan financial specialist, from the venture decisions, I might want to choose bank store for example term store in term store where I can get 6% enthusiasm on my speculation every year and requires just $ 25000 as a base store and having just 2 years locking period. The term store gives wellbeing other than guaranteeing a predictable return. After the 2 years, I can pull back the cash whenever which implies the liquidity of reserve. On the off chance that I have $500000 in my grasp by storing the money stashed away as a fixed store I will get 6% enthusiasm on the store which is 500000 * 6/100 = 30000. Putting cash in the ledger as a fixed store would empower me to win an enthusiasm of $ 30000. In the ledger, money the executives is likewise a decent decision since it gives a loan fee of 6.4% every year and it requires a lock-in time of just two years. The base store starts at $ 10000. Bank store is along these lines a more secure and dependable venture contrasted with corporate security and interest in shares. As an impartial speculator, I am not ready to face numerous challenges and I am looking for a more secure venture region. Interests in shares are less secure regardless of whether it gives a decent return. In any case, such ventures are dependent upon a few elements. There is additionally a high chance of continuing misfortunes when the market crashes for a few or other explanation. The economic situations stay exceptionally unpredictable. Then again, in the event that I put resources into bank stores, there is an appropriate assurance of the arrival however it is similarly less. Along these lines, as a hazard nonpartisan financial specialist, I will pick bank store as my favored technique for speculation. Hazard avoidance indicates to an investor’s disposition in a speculation alternative where he lean towards lower chance territory. â€Å"A hazard unwilling financial specialist detests hazard and along these lines will avoid including high-chance stocks or ventures to their portfolio and thus will frequently miss out on higher paces of return. Financial specialists searching for more secure ventures will by and large stick to list assets and government bonds, which for the most part have lower returns† (Risk Averse, 2011, para. 2).

Different Aspects of Emily Essay

Frequently individuals are stuck previously and can't acknowledge reality, the present, and modernization circumventing them. The character of Emily Grierson in William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is one from this classification of individuals. Emily Grierson was a weird character with recognized attributes. From the perspective of many, she is an insane lady since she slaughters her sweetheart so as to keep him always with herself. Miss Emily Grierson is a static character that is secured her previous existence. She can't change herself and move on with the wheels of time. William Faulkner, using different images showing passing and rot, depicted a lady whose life closes some time before her demise. The first and one of the huge images of death and rot introduced in the story is Miss Emily’s house itself. The look, setting and climate of the house furnish us with the highlights of death and rot in Emily’s life. The road where her home is found has changed totally with the exception of Miss Emily’s house. â€Å"Garages and cotton gins had infringed and decimated even the august names of that neighborhood† (28). The house that once had been delightful is demolished at this point. â€Å"†¦lifting its difficult and teasing rot over the cotton wagons and the gas siphons a blemish among eyesores† (28). Cotton gins, cotton wagons, and the gas pipes are on the whole images demonstrating the new and modernized time and period where despite everything stands, Emily’s old and devastated house. Emily’s house was a blemish in the city, and Emily herself was a more prominent blemish in her general public. The whole look from within the house is additionally an image speaking to death and rot. Within her home is investigated in the story just because when the assignment advisory group came to ask Miss Emily to cover her duties. They went through the entryway that no guest had breathed easy and entered a diminish lobby. â€Å"When the Negro opened the blinds of one window, they could see that the cowhide was split; and when they plunked down, a black out residue rose languidly about their thighs, turning with moderate bits in the single sun-ray† (29). The old furniture in her home, the splits on her couch and the residue shrouded things in the spot propose the dull part of herâ life. The murkiness and diminished air of the spot, toss us into an air of bluntness and bitterness that exhibits the huge component of Emily’s character. Miss Emily Grierson, herself is the most significant image speaking to death and rot in her own life. Her appearance, face and her highlights all propose a kind of bluntness and tranquility in her life. â€Å"She looked enlarged, similar to a body since quite a while ago lowered in still water, and of that pale tone. Her eyes, lost in the greasy edges of her face, seemed as though two little bits of coal squeezed into a piece of mixture as they moved from one face to another†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (29). The depiction of Emily and the highlights of her face gave by the creator exhibit the dry and fatal character of Emily more unmistakably. Miss Emily is additionally an extremely unsocial and confined individual. The over ensuring conduct of her dad and such a large number of limitations put upon her by him, had an incredible impact and effect in forming her character. She does not have the components of dynamic public activity and specialty of correspondence in her life. Emily has an amazingly pleased and pretentious manner as a result of her family status. â€Å"She conveyed her head sufficiently high in any event, when we accepted that she was fallen† (32). This sentence depicts her distinguished conduct and high disposition. Her privileged conduct disconnects her more from the general public, disregarding her with her progressive passing, her sole partner. Emily’s failure to acknowledge the present and change itself is a huge image showing demise and rot in her life. For instance, when specialists go to her and request that her compensation her assessments she consequently lets them know; â€Å"See Colonel Sartoris. I have no duties in Jefferson† (30). Around then, almost ten years had gone since the demise of colonel Sartoris. This occurrence plainly shows Emily’s inclusion in her previous existence, and the way that she was not proceeding onward with the pace of time. Another scene all the more plainly delineating this quality of Emily is the point at which her dad bites the dust; she saves the dead body of her dad for three days in her home. After the demise of her dad she trims her hair short; â€Å"†¦her hair was short, making her resemble a girl†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (31). This occurrence likewise underlines that she needs to be her father’s little girl once more. This episode shows that she doesn't be a ble to acknowledge the truth, or perhaps she wouldn't like to do as such. Homer Barron is an image speaking to modernization and appearance of new period and age. Homer is a Northerner, a Yankee, introducing the time of assembling industry, innovation, advancement, and reproduction. His motivation of going toward the South is to work for development and remodel; clearing the walkways of the city. His own character likewise shows components of modernization. He couldn't care less about the code of conduct which is significant in Emily’s people group, a Southern culture. The story presents Homer as an individual who isn't a wedding man and likes to be free and favors lone wolf life. â€Å"Whenever you heard a great deal of snickering anyplace about the square, Homer Barron would be in the focal point of the group† (31). The portrayal of Homer Barron in the story proposes that he was a joyful individual, preferred gatherings and appreciated gathering with others. It additionally shows his energetic character which is totally the contrary character of Emily Grierson. Homer was an individual speaking to present and future, and Emily can not leave her past and push forward so she slaughters Homer and save him for ever hers. The entirety of the images present the segregated and consistent character of Emily, which was still and static through the progression of time. Emily’s soul was secured with the residue of dejection and diminished by pain, distress and everlasting pity. In the story â€Å"fallen monument† alludes to Emily. Emily was a landmark, a legend that has been demolished and broken by the progression of time as a result of absence of care and consideration. Not a solitary light of satisfaction or bliss was a major part of her life. Being a young lady, when she had been delightful and alluring, however she was disregarded in view of the conditions throughout her life. Emily lost her spirit step by step through her lifetime and was in reality dead some time before her demise. Work Cited Faulkner, William. â€Å"A Rose for Emily.† Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Ed. X. J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. eighth ed. New York: Longman, 2002. 28-35.

Marie Kashpaw - Seeking Identity - Literature Essay Samples

In the book Love Medicine, Louise Erdrich transcribes about the lives of Native American families and relationships during the period between 1934 and 1983. The story is set on an unnamed Native American reservation of the Chippewa tribe in North Dakota. The story follows multiple characters throughout their lives while they encounter new experiences and people. The novel introduces the main character Marie Lazarre as a youth and follows her life through marriage and old age. The focus of this paper will be to study the character of Marie Lazarre (later Marie Kashpaw). Marie is in search of her identity as she is a mixed blood in a Native American family. The study focuses on her early life, her religious beliefs throughout her life, her experiences in the convent and later her marriage to Nector Kashpaw and her relationship with her family. The novel suggests that Marie Lazarre was born in the 1920s; she is born a mixed blood, as her father is white. She is raised by Sophie and Izear Lazarre who are her supposed family, her mother Sophie is said to be an old drunk. She is a child of the Lazarre family which has a bad reputation and she is also considered a lowlife because of her half white descent. Marie is raised on the Native American reservation but does not fit in, as she is not considered as part of them. Marie tries hard to redefine her identity to earn cultural acceptance and respect but end up stuck between two paradigms which she does not completely belong to. In the native community, she is considered half-blood and looked down upon due to her heritage similarly in the white community and the convent she is regarded as Native and cannot fully belong. She undergoes religious and cultural conflicts in an attempt to empower herself and fit in but realizes they cannot entirely blend. In her journey of seeking her identity, Marie loses and seeks power, love and respect all through as she navigates through various conflicting cultural and religious identities, but eventually manages to accomplish her goals and be empowered by her experiences. At the beginning of the novel, Marie Lazarre wants to be acknowledged as a Catholic white girl because she identifies herself with the Virgin Mary, who signifies power. At the age of fourteen, she joins the Sacred Heart Convent in search of a new identity among the Catholic sisters. She asserts, â€Å"I was going up there to pray as good as they could. Because I don’t have that much Indian blood† (Erdrich, 2004). Marie denies her Native American descent, and she embraces her whiteness and finds her place in the Catholic and white community. She tries hard to demonstrate that she is a good individual like the nuns and devotes herself to praying frequently. Marie believes that proving to be the best Catholic will earn her a place and respect among the people. She wants to earn the highest achievement of sainthood through complete devotion to the ways of the Catholics. Her obstinacy and spite seem to surpass her genuine belief in the church and God. She yearns for an estee med identity and fitting in, and if it requires her to be a devoted Catholic, then she will be best Catholic there is. At the time the convent was the perfect place for a woman seeking authority and respect in the white community, hence Marie’s devotion to Catholicism despite a weak faith. Marie not being born in a Catholic or white society proves to be difficult for her to identify with it. She, however, believes that if she dons the role of a good Catholic girl she will eventually be part of the community. Marie states, â€Å"I had the mail-order Catholic soul you get in a girl raised out in the bush†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Erdrich, 2004). Emphasizing her weak faith in church but believes it’s a way of belonging. Marie does not have a strong faith in the ways of the church but takes the church as a means of fitting in. She believes that her worldview is completely separate from her outside appearance and devotion in the church will give her a new identity. Asserting to herself that her â€Å"soul went cheap† (Erdrich, 2004). To Marie, the Catholic convent is a place to redefine herself and build a new identity among the community she feels closest to. She wants to be valued and accepted irrespective of her heredity unlike in the reservation where she is looked down upon. In the convent, Marie strives to receive love and respect from Sister Leopolda, unlike Leopolda who seeks the adoration and love of God. Marie has a love/hate relationship with the Sister; she trusts the nun because she looks up to her but also hate her because she tortures and torments her. Marie says that â€Å"But I wanted Sister Leopolda’s, heart†¦ sometimes I wanted her heart in love and admiration. And sometimes I wanted her heart to roast on a black stick† (Erdrich, 2004) which perfectly describes their relationship. Sister Leopolda is a zealous nun who has a strong belief in the church and shows this by tormenting both herself and Marie. Sister Leopolda believes she sees the devil in Marie and goes to extreme lengths to eliminate him from Marie. The Sister tortures Marie frequently at the hopes of freeing her from Satan, as she is a reservation girl with shamanic beliefs. The Sister justifies her actions towards Marie and attempts of commencing her to the C atholic faith as a portrayal of love. Marie does not possess a strong faith in God like Sister Leopolda because she only seeks attention and approval from her to fill the emptiness and loneliness she feels. Ultimately, Marie wants to exceed Leopolda’s accomplishments and eventually become a saint to be triumphant and have respect. Marie and Sister Leopolda strive to outdo and have power over each other through their violent encounters on several different occasions. Sister Leopolda cruel treatment towards Marie is a way of indoctrination; the nun is attempting to eliminate the shamanic ways in Marie’s mind and commence her into the Catholic faith. Marie believes that if she defeats the Sister in the physical and mental battle, she will be the better Catholic and attain sainthood and respect. After the last fight, Marie states, â€Å"I was being worshiped. I had somehow gained the altar of a saint† (Erdrich, 2004), somehow she had attained sainthood. Sister Leopolda in an attempt to free herself from being accused of violent torments towards Marie lied to the nuns about her wound. She claimed the wound appeared out of nowhere implying that the wound as the stigmata o f Christ (Erdrich, 2004). Marie is now considered a saint in the eyes of the nuns, and she has finally earned power and respect. Unfortunately, her triumph is short-lived as she starts feeling remorse towards Sister Leopolda. Marie claims, â€Å"It was a feeling more terrible than any amount of boiling water and worse than being forked† (Erdrich, 2004) which her feelings of pity for the nun. Marie’s finds out that her weakness is her feelings. She thought that such a win over the Sister will satisfy her and finally get what she has always wanted. Marie finally gains the power she always seeks through sainthood but loses her sense of identity through her struggles with the Sister. Marie’s realization that Sister Leopolda is flawed too makes her shift her attitude towards the nun. She realizes that the devil is in Leopolda too because she lied to protect herself from scrutiny. Sister Leopolda used torture as a means to cope with the fear that she has the devil in her too. The realization heals Marie’s mental and emotional wounds she got from the nun’s torments. Marie asserts, â€Å"Rise up! I thought. Rise up and walk! There is no limit to the dust† (Erdrich, 2004). She comes to a conclusion that she does not want to be a Catholic any longer and leaves the convent for good. Even though she attained what she lurked for, sainthood and respect, she grasps that she does not want it anymore. Marie leaves to seek an identity that suits her transition to adulthood in search of love and liberation. Marie com prehends that the torture and torments in the convent made her stronger mentally and emotionally and made her grasp what she wanted in life. In her adulthood Marie transitions from seeking identity through religion to searching for love and freedom despite initial scrutiny and judgment from the tribe. Marie and Nector first meet when Marie escapes the convent after the final fight with Sister Leopolda. She runs off with a wounded hand and comes across Nector who thinks she has stolen the cloth on her arm. At first glance Nector judges her like everyone in the tribe; he says, â€Å"Marie Lazarre is the youngest daughter of a family of horse-thieving drunks. Stealing sacred linen fits what I know of that blood† (Erdrich, 2004). They end up fighting because Marie wants to protect her dignity while Nector thinks she is good for nothing thief. She curses Nector with slurs as she fights him but when he sees her wounded arm and gains sympathy. Nector sees her like a wounded animal and handles her delicately before realizing the sexual tension between them. Marie ignites emotion and feeling in Nector who now accepts and un derstands her. A relationship builds between the two and eventually, they get married and start a family in the community. In marriage, Marie seeks respect, power, and cultural identity through wifehood, motherhood, and authority in the community. Marie and Nector Kashpaw adopt homeless kids in the reservation to cope with the loss of their previous two babies in a year. They eventually manage to bear five more biological children. Marie gains more respect as a mother of both her children and the community. Nector begins to be absent in the lives of his family because of the number of children. Marie decides to encourage Nector to the chairmanship in the community for her to get respect and power. Marie says, â€Å"I was going to make him into something big. I didn’t know what, not yet; I only knew when he got there they would not whisper ’dirty Lazarre’ They would wish they were the woman I was.† (Erdrich, 2004). She wanted to belong and get authority in the tribe which she never had because of her background. Nector got the chairmanship and was a respected member of the trib e and the white society, finally Marie’s attempt worked and now she was in the realm of reverence. Though she has reverence in the community, Marie still hopes for her husband’s love to fuel her self-worth but eventually learns to empower and love herself. Marie states, â€Å"†¦by now I was solid class. Nector was tribal chairman. My children were well behaved and they were educated too† (Erdrich, 2004). Despite this Marie yearns Nector’s love even though he does not truly love her back and treats her below par. Her husband is her source of love that she gives to the people around her and especially to him. Nector cheats on Marie frequently with other women especially Lulu who he is truly in love with. He leaves Marie at some point where she becomes broken down and devastated. Nector’s lack of love towards her only makes her work hard and stronger; she becomes empowered as a result of not getting adoration from her adulterous husband. She narrates, â€Å"But I was not going under, even if he left me†¦I could leave off my fear of ever being a Lazarre† (Erdrich, 2004). Marie had finally learned to be a free and independent individual as her new identity, by empowering herself to an autonomous and respected matriarch. Nector eventually comes back to her, but he is still in love with Lulu till his unfortunate death at old age. Even though Marie is always in love with him and even attempts to rekindle their love during his final moments, she was able to manifest her own self-worth through her accomplishments in the community. Marie embraces her identity as a respected matriarch and learns to give love to her family as much as she hopes to receive it. Marie and her adopted grandson Lipsha Morrissey develop a deeper relationship later in her life while she resides at a retirement home. They create a stronger bond when Lipsha helps his adopted grandmother to rekindle her love with Nector Kashpaw. Encompassing the story’s title Marie wants Lipsha to work on love medicine on Nector so he can be faithful to her alone (Erdrich, 2004). Marie and Lipsha plot, so Nector eats a goose heart while she eats one too for the love medicine. Lipsha, however, compromises on the type of goose heart and settles for store turkey heart as an alternative to a self-killed goose heart. He claims that the love medicine does not work, but the people’s belief in it is what actually works. Nector, however, refuses to eat the heart and just places it in his mouth which unfortunately chokes him to death. Marie and Lipsha m ourn the misfortune, and eventually, Marie tells Lipsha that he has always been her favorite. Following Marie from her youth, marriage and old age throughout the novel, she seeks respect, love, and power which she gets at different points. Marie has juggled two paradigms in her entire life from religious ways to shamanic beliefs and from her half-white heritage to her Native side. From the teenage years when she wanted acceptance and respect in the white community which she finally attained through her sainthood. Growing into adulthood, she realized other things she actually wanted from life such as love from Nector Kashpaw. She builds a family and learns about giving love and being part of a bigger picture. Marie’s faces judgment from people in the tribe and pursues power in the community through her husband and eventually gain respect and power. In womanhood, she embraces her culture and language abandoning her previous inclinations towards Catholicism altogether. In her later years, she becomes an activist and elder of the tribe and a respected individual in the Nat ive American community. Throughout her life, she has attained all her goals deliberately and unintentionally from her childhood to an elder. The experiences through the stages of her life shaped and prepared her physically and emotionally ready for what was to come. Marie’s self-empowerment and self-worth molded her to the individual she finally becomes in her later years.

The Supremacy Clause Is The Clause That Establishes The...

Supremacy Clause Matthew Newkirk Constitutional Law Mr. Timothy Allmond Wiregrass Georgia Technical College November 19, 2015 Abstract The Supremacy Clause is the clause that establishes the federal government’s authority over state governments. The Supremacy Clause is found in the U.S. Constitution in Clause Two of Article Six. This Clause upholds the United States Constitution, federal statutes, and treaties as the supreme law of the land. Federal law’s supremacy applies only if Congress is acting in fulfilment of its constitutionally authorized powers. The Clause directly states, â€Å"This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof; and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land; and the judges in every state shall be bound thereby, anything in the constitution or laws of any state to the contrary notwithstanding.† The Supremacy Clause was born from the Federalist Papers which are writings of Federalist James Madison. The Supremacy Clause is a federal mandate in the U. S. Constitution that stated whenever conflict between state-level and national-level authority, the federal government always has supremacy in the matter, meaning that the federal government is the supreme law of the land. â€Å"When a state law conflicts with a federal law, the Supremacy Clause provides resolution† (Dow). 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Comparison and Contrast of Forecast Methods - 1585 Words

Comparison and Contrast of Forecast Methods MGT 554 Operations Management University of Phoenix Professor Leonard Enger May 1, 2006 TABLE OF CONTENT Cover PageÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â….1 Table of ContentsÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…...2 Seasonal ForecastingÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…..3 Delphi MethodÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…4 Technological MethodÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…5 Time-series forecastingÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…...6 Company Forecasting MethodsÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…..7 ConclusionÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…..8 ReferencesÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…..9 Comparison and Contrast of Forecast Methods There are several different methods that can be used to create a forecast, this paper will compare and contrast the Seasonal, Delphi, Technological and Time Series method of forecasting. Factors to†¦show more content†¦http://www.ryerson.ca/~mjoppe/ResearchProcess/841TheDelphiMethod.htm Technological Method The Technological Forecasting method is used to analyze the market for the life span of an existing technology to determine if its close to end of like and to see if a new product or technology is ready to enter an existing market. It is also used to identify competing new technology and to forecast sales. Before a new innovative product enters into the market Technology Forecasting is one of several methods used to determine if customers will buy it. The Technology method should always be used in conjunction with other tools to identify prospective customers, prototypes, focus groups, interviews, market testing, internet polls and other tools to get a better understanding of the market. The major techniques for technological forecasting is numeric data and judgmental. Numeric data-based forecasting extrapolates history by generating statistical fits to historical data. Judgmental forecasting can also be based on past projection but like the Delphi method it relies on the subjec tive judgment of experts. Keep in mind that technological forecasting is most appropriately applied to capabilities, not to the specific characteristics of specific devices. Other Numeric data techniques are Trend Extrapolation, Qualitative Approaches, Growth Curves, Envelop Curves and Substitution models. Techniques used by Judgment-Base method are Monitoring, Network Analysis,Show MoreRelatedForecasting Method1505 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Companies forecast in different ways and for different reasons. For the sake of my current employer, some of the reasons to why they forecast is to ensure that there are plenty of cellular phones in stock or even to make sure that the company has enough numbers to assign to customers when they purchase wireless service from us. 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Social Networking Sites Beneficial to Societys Essay Example For Students

Social Networking Sites: Beneficial to Societys Essay Social networking sites are great for society, promoting increased communication and connection between hundreds of millions of people throughout the world. While some people do argue that the dangers of online networking far outweigh the benefits, it is clear that this is not the case; rather it is the other way around. Online social networking can be broadly defined as any website or other type of online communication that allows people to interact with each other. Blogging, or keeping an online journal, first became popular in the late 1990’s. As blogging began to appeal to more and more people, pure social networking sites appeared. SixDegrees.com (1997-2001) was the first website that allowed users to create personal profiles and connect with friends. In 2002, Friendster was formed, popularizing social networking before Myspace, Facebook, and Twitter came along in 2003, 2004, and 2006 respectively. â€Å"Currently, social networking/blogging sites account for over 17% of all time spent on the internet† (â€Å"Are Social Networking Sites†). The addition of multimedia capabilities has been a major attraction to users. Through social networking sites, the average internet user can upload music, pictures, and videos to online web pages easily. As these sites grow in popularity, the user base is expanding to include more people over the age of 50, in addition to the millions of teens that already use them. There are numerous benefits to social networking with sites such as Facebook and Myspace. For one, the increased communication strengthens relationships. Internet users usually tend to have larger social networks than non-users, and by maintaining those relationships online they are able to stay in touch with many more f. ./?pageID=cagoterminalL=4LO=HomeL1. â€Å"Common Sense Media Poll: Parents Out of Teens’ Social Networking Loop.† Entertainment Close-up. 12 August 2009. Courtney, Vicki. â€Å"Logged On and Tuned Out.† Nashville: BH Publishing Group, 2007. Derbyshire, David. â€Å"Social Websites Harm Children’s Brains: Chilling Warning to Parents from Top Neuroscientist.† Daily Mail. 24 February 2009. â€Å"Educational Benefits of Social Networking Sites Uncovered.† Science Daily. 21 June 2008. Joiner, Whitney. â€Å"Ego Trip.† Teen Vogue. April 2010. Mooney, Carla. â€Å"Online Social Networking.† Farmington Hills: Lucent Books, 2009. Rogers, Vanessa. â€Å"Cyberbullying.† Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2010. â€Å"Short Circuit. † Teen Vogue. April 2010. Sommers, Michael. â€Å"The Dangers of Online Predators.† New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc., 2008.

Public Administrators in Delivery of Social Justice an Example of the Topic Psychology Essays by

Educating Public Administrators in Delivery of Social Justice The essence of public administration or governance is to enlarge public good in society by contributing to social justice thereby creating a civil community. This differs from the classic concept of public administration which is seen as the most efficient and economical delivery of services. Frederickson's (Shafritz, 2003) vision of New Public Administration on the other hand appends social equity as an additional aim of classic public administration. Thus in addition to provision of better services within the available resources most economically, New Public Administration addresses the issue of overcoming the bane inherent in classic administration that of bureaucratic perpetuity and deprivation of equal rights to the larger community as against the powerful minority by including social equity as a means of increasing political clout as well as economic privileges of deprived classes in society. Need essay sample on "Educating Public Administrators in Delivery of Social Justice" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed University Students Usually Tell Us:How much do I have to pay someone to write my paper in time?Specialists suggest: It Is Very Easy And Convenient To Buy Essays OnlineBuy An Essay Online Best Essay Writing Service Reviews Best Writing Services Cheapest Essay Writing Service Continuous transformation through sensitivity and adaptability to change is another unique facet of Fredrickson's concept of new public administration. (Shafritz, 2003). The focus of the process of programming, planning and budgeting is thus designed to achieve equity in society rather than internal efficiency of the organization delivering administration. In building institutions the focus is on problems and removal of social deficiencies rather than padding establishments for internal growth. Coming to the distributive process, Fredrickson indicates that the new public administration adopts an equitable pattern in distribution to ensure that all parts of the system get resources they deserve. (Shafritz, 2003). This may create organizational conflict, which is considered as a part of the process of public administration. As an integrative progression, new public administration will go beyond the hierarchical pattern to more innovative structures such as project or matrix organizations. In decision making preference will be for decentralization and group decisions with greater autonomy at each level. This will also lead to a new pattern in boundary exchange where there would be greater involvement of the deprived minorities in the process of decision making. This would also include a new pattern of socioeconomic process where in there will be greater need for sensitivity training, tolerance of conflict and risk taking. Thus Frederickson envisages a totally new paradigm of public administration to achieve the goals of social equity. (Shafritz, 2003) Comparing Frederickson's concept with the views of some prominent proponents of the theory of public administration should provide comparative rationale for his views. Woodrow Wilson is considered the doyen of public administration in America and is seen to have advanced the concept in general. Woodrow Wilson would have strongly approved of the concept of New Public Administration indicated by Frederickson. While a direct correlation of the two may be difficult to establish a detailed analysis of Wilson's article would denote the relevance. (Shafritz, 2003). Wilson (Shafritz, 2003) has carried out a historical analysis of the growth of public administration and his salient conclusion denotes that he sees in the administrator a person who is an instrument for providing social good on behalf of the state. Giving the example of the stern and strict Frederick the Great, Wilson denotes that he was an enlightened king who considered himself first to be a servant of the people rather than the master or the king. Elaborating this in the current context thus, Wilson advocates a strong need to introduce all elements in society to political science and fully train and educate the core of public administrators in the subject. (Shafritz, 2003) This will enable them to better deliver governance. Wilson has emphasized on functional education and has also alluded that the real challenge was to ensure that the public administrator was accountable to not just his superior but the community as a whole which provides basis to the surmise that he would have strongly approved Frederickson's espousal of education of public administrators in delivery of social justice. Spicer and Terry (1993) is another duo who is critical of the constitutional notion of the role of public administration and would have endorsed Frederickson's views. They have indicated that that there is a larger scope for envisaging the role of the public administrator than the purely constitutional one. Attempting to explain this through a purely regulatory or legal function is thus highly inappropriate. The authors have also indicated that the Constitution is not about empowering the public administration but is about restraining their power. This argument supplements the need for public administrators to be involved in imparting social justice rather than exercising power on behalf of the State as given in the constitution. Spicer and Terry (1993) would thus support Frederickson's points of view on evolving a new public administration system responsive to social equity and that students of public administration should be advocates of social justice, for their job goes beyond the mechanics of governance to delivery of social good. Given the proposal put forth by Frederickson, outlined above and its congruence with the writings of established authorities on the subject it is agreed that good public administrators need to be advocates of social justice because they are the key elements for delivery of governance to the masses, have a powerful role to play in strengthening institutions and abdication of this responsibility is likely to lead to a cycle of militancy and repression. In the evolved model of human social existence, it is the modern state which is the key to effective governance in an orderly fashion to a wide spectrum of humanity. A modern state could be said to comprise of three main facets, the law making authority, the executive and the adjudicating personas of the judiciary. Given that the first and the last are either making rules or denoting their effective implementation, it is the executive who is the key instrument for delivery. The public administrator be it in the government or the non government field is thus involved in implementing social justice. The accepted dimension of public administration used by Frederickson includes representative ness, neutral competence and leadership in execution. (Shafritz, 2003) These values are universal. While the services provided by the administrator may not directly relate to provision of social justice, the final product is not in the field of administration but includes a broader spectrum of creating equity in society through efficient and equitable distribution of services. Where there has been deficiency of delivery not just of services but of social justice by the government administrators, the role is naturally taken up by non government agencies thus providing a balance. Thus in the overall perspective a public administrator needs to be trained to deliver social justice and other capabilities will follow. In adopting equity, the public administrators is seen to be flexible in pursuing change, he would in fact be the first to note the need for transformation and could seek change through legislation or judicial intervention. As is commonly understood, people's representatives charged with making laws are more concerned with interests of the majority as they have been elected through active intervention of the popular vote. There is a possibility that these would neglect interests of the minority unless this is located within pockets of influence. On the other hand the judiciary is seen to act in a fair and just manner and to that extent could be said to represent the interest of the disadvantage minority. It is the public administrator alone who can ensure that an appropriate balance is maintained between the two so that social equity is maintained at all times. Developing such an attitude and approach requires training which can come about only through a structured approach. Public administration attains effectiveness through the ability to build institutions. Institution building enables overcoming public problems. In the classical school of thought public administration is seen to outgrow the problem thereby there is greater focus on the institution rather than overcoming the problem. Frederickson has provided the example of the Defense Department, wherein the role of administration is not defense but protection of turf and sustaining bureaucracy of the defense department within the complex maze of the US federal governance system. (Shafritz, 2003) From institution building for resolution of problems, the aim is now merely institutional protection. However a public administrator who is from the new school will be more concerned about defense thereby indicating his leaning towards provision of social justice. The student needs to understand how an institution can impact on the social phenomenon for which it was created in a scientific and social model. Discontinuities in public administration are likely to create a distorted communal order. Thus unless public administration creates social equity it can result in widespread social ills such as unemployment, disease and spreading penury. This in turn will lead to growth of militancy which may be followed by repression. Public administration is charged to ensure that this cycle of inequity does not set in through not just efficient delivery of services but also by ensuring that these are spread equitably through all spectrums of society. The need for good public administrators to be advocates of social justice because they are the key elements for delivery of governance to the masses, have a powerful role to play in strengthening institutions and abdication of this responsibility is likely to lead to a cycle of militancy and repression has thus well supported and is fully agree to. Reference: Spicer, Michael W. Terry, Larry D. (1993). Legitimacy, History, and Logic: Public Administration and the Constitution. Public Administration Review, Vol. 53, No. 3 (May - Jun., 1993), pp. 239-246. Shafritz, Jay M. Hyde, Albert C. Parkes. (2003). Classics of Public Administration (Paperback). Belmont CA : Wadsworth.

Free Essays on Every Man A King

Every Man a King There is perhaps no individual in Louisiana History who was as charismatic, influential and â€Å"interesting† as that of Huey Long. In his autobiography, Every Man a King, Long shares his story from his childhood in the north Louisiana hills to his magnetic climb into Louisiana and American politics. Long, in Every Man a King, does an exemplary job in describing one of America’s most remarkable politicians [himself] through his own eyes. Long was born in Winnfield, Winn Parish, Louisiana on August 30, 1893, the eight of nine children of a farmer. As a small boy, Long absorbed many of the ideas that came out of the Populist – Socialist traditions that were found in the region. He attended High School but had many troubles with the school officials and other local authorities and left the school before graduation. He sold vegetable oil door-to-door for four years. He conducted a cake-baking contest in Shreveport. The winner was Rose McConnell; they married in 1913. He told her that he would hold a secondary state office and would then become, in succession, governor, senator, and president; a job that allowed him to travel to several states, including Oklahoma. He attended the University of Oklahoma briefly to study law. He decided to become a lawyer and enrolled in the law School of Tulane University. He took courses for a year and was admitted to the bar. He began practicing law in his native stat e in 1915; first in Winnfield, but later moved to Shreveport. Long prospered as a lawyer, but had only used law as a jumping board into politics. He was elected a member of the Louisiana railroad commission in 1918; and later, in 1921, it enlarged in power and became known as the Public Service Commission. Huey Long ran for governor in 1924 and lost, but ran again four years later – on the platform of building better roads and free textbooks for all school children. Long won. He was the first maj... Free Essays on Every Man A King Free Essays on Every Man A King Every Man a King There is perhaps no individual in Louisiana History who was as charismatic, influential and â€Å"interesting† as that of Huey Long. In his autobiography, Every Man a King, Long shares his story from his childhood in the north Louisiana hills to his magnetic climb into Louisiana and American politics. Long, in Every Man a King, does an exemplary job in describing one of America’s most remarkable politicians [himself] through his own eyes. Long was born in Winnfield, Winn Parish, Louisiana on August 30, 1893, the eight of nine children of a farmer. As a small boy, Long absorbed many of the ideas that came out of the Populist – Socialist traditions that were found in the region. He attended High School but had many troubles with the school officials and other local authorities and left the school before graduation. He sold vegetable oil door-to-door for four years. He conducted a cake-baking contest in Shreveport. The winner was Rose McConnell; they married in 1913. He told her that he would hold a secondary state office and would then become, in succession, governor, senator, and president; a job that allowed him to travel to several states, including Oklahoma. He attended the University of Oklahoma briefly to study law. He decided to become a lawyer and enrolled in the law School of Tulane University. He took courses for a year and was admitted to the bar. He began practicing law in his native stat e in 1915; first in Winnfield, but later moved to Shreveport. Long prospered as a lawyer, but had only used law as a jumping board into politics. He was elected a member of the Louisiana railroad commission in 1918; and later, in 1921, it enlarged in power and became known as the Public Service Commission. Huey Long ran for governor in 1924 and lost, but ran again four years later – on the platform of building better roads and free textbooks for all school children. Long won. He was the first maj...

Kappe House and Stahl House Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Kappe House and Stahl House - Research Paper Example There is a lot of similarities between these houses, ranging from the environment in which they are built to the materials and designs used to construct them. The application of sophisticated designs, which places the two as floating on space, coupled with their suitable integration with the natural environment, makes these Kappe and Stahl houses the icons they are today. However, there are still a lot of differences that can be indentified between these houses. For example, while the Kappe house is mostly constructed from glass and wood, the Stahl house has glass and steel as its major construction materials. Kappe house was constructed between 1965 and 1967, by architect Raymond Kappe on a hillside with many trees, as his own residence (Raymond, 17). Considering that the land on which the house is constructed is a steep hill, then, designing a structure that would well be accommodated by such land topography was a challenging task. The house was constructed using glass and wood, bu t there had to be established firm support for the house, due to the steepness of its location. This being the case, Kappe build six concrete towers to support the house and ensure it would withstand all forces while remaining more stable (Kevin, 4). The size of the house is 370 square meters, raised on decks to avoid the effects of underground springs, such as busting of such springs and carrying away the floor or bringing the whole house down altogether. The unique thing about this construction is the use of natural materials. The house is mainly constructed out of wood, which is cut in form of beams, to enhance its strength and ensure that the wood can support the weight of the house, which is constructed floating on the space. Steel is yet another material used in the construction of this house, since as a natural metal, it is very strong, and thus can withstand the tension caused by the weight of the floating house. Additionally, the choice for steel as the metal to use in the house construction was informed by its ability to withstand rusting. The house has a sophisticated geometric form, which consists of vertical and horizontal structures, constructed in tires and then joined to other outer structures and an extended roof, all of which floats on space, supported by the concrete and steel structures (McCoy, 7). This geographic form effectively combines the traditional architectural designs with aspects of modernism, giving the structure an aesthetic touch that remains an attraction to present day (Dylan, A2). Due to its attractiveness, the house has attracted many advertisements, using the house as the backdrop. The most significant of this house is its design, which blends well the human construction with the natural environment, thus effectively fit well as an icon of integrated natural environment and built environment. There are two key challenges that were presented by the nature of the environment in which the house is constructed. The land on whi ch the house is constructed is sloppy. As a result, a strong support system was required to support the house on such a land topography, which necessitated Kappe to design and use six concrete towe

How Environmental Documentaries Have Developed from the Ethnographic Research Paper

How Environmental Documentaries Have Developed from the Ethnographic - Research Paper Example Hence, the documentary filmmaker's role has changed as well. He is not simply a storyteller with a camera any longer, but he can become an environmental activist himself. Director Louie Psihoyos is directly involved in the action in The Cove where filmmakers alongside environmental activists plant hidden cameras to reveal the dolphin slaughter committed by the fishermen. Not only does he direct his filmmaking crew, he also leads the group of activists and plays a crucial part in devising the plan how to expose crimes of animal cruelty. The general consensus amongst environmental filmmakers today seems to be that a film alone can't change anything, but the reactions and actions it provokes in an audience can bring upon real change. Captain Paul Watson, co-founder of Greenpeace, remarks in The Cove: â€Å"You're either an activist or a non-activist. I decided to be an activist.† The filmmakers' clear intent to motivate the audiences into direct action is summed up by one of the film's marketing punch-lines: ‘The Secret Is Out. Spread the Word’. Unlike feature films that make headlines for a few weeks while they are successful at the box office, documentaries like The Cove have an organic 'after-life' where audiences and fans are kept up to date online by the filmmakers about how the story is developing long after the initial release of the film. Most importantly, the world wide web and social networking media can play an active role in defining the outcome of the story by giving audiences a platform to take direct action. The Cove's website lists many options how one can directly support several organizations who are protecting dolphins in Japan by either donating money or by signing online petitions, joining... The general consensus amongst environmental filmmakers today seems to be that a film alone can't change anything, but the reactions and actions it provokes in an audience can bring upon real change. Captain Paul Watson, co-founder of Greenpeace, remarks in The Cove: â€Å"You're either an activist or a non-activist. I decided to be an activist.† The filmmakers' clear intent to motivate the audiences into direct action is summed up by one of the film's marketing punch-lines: ‘The Secret Is Out. Spread the Word’. Unlike feature films that make headlines for a few weeks while they are successful at the box office, documentaries like The Cove have an organic 'after-life' where audiences and fans are kept up to date online by the filmmakers about how the story is developing long after the initial release of the film. Most importantly, the world wide web and social networking media can play an active role in defining the outcome of the story by giving audiences a platfo rm to take direct action. The Cove's website lists many options how one can directly support several organizations who are protecting dolphins in Japan by either donating money or by signing online petitions, joining facebook groups or by pledging never to buy a ticket for a dolphin show. To sum up, environmental films of today are holistic experiences that give the audiences the opportunity to become interactive and play a crucial part in the overall cause.

Tanglewood Case Essay Example for Free

Tanglewood Case Essay Each branch of Tanglewood uses distinct methods for recruiting. With the employee turnover very high is the retail industry, Tanglewood is no exception. For that purpose, they need to constantly hire new employees. To fill these positions Tanglewood uses a variety of recruiting methods, though each region need not necessarily follow all. While the methods used for recruiting are Media, Referrals, Kiosks, State Job Services and Staffing Agencies, individual branches determine which staffing method suits best for them to use for hiring store associates. Tanglewood needs a uniform recruiting strategy and a recruiting guide that will not only help them hire a candidate with the Person/Organization match but also attract a culturally diverse workforce. This will lower the chances of employee turnover and also make them compliant with the EEO and other laws. Having a standardized recruiting process across the chain will also create staffing operational efficiencies and help maintain the culture of the organization. In order to have a successful recruiting plan, the first thing that needs to be addressed is having a Job description for each position that is there in the organization. This can be done by Job Analysis which will determine what KSAOs are needed for a certain position. After job Analysis and Job description, a detail selection plan has to be made which will rank the KSAOs and how they can be assessed. For any recruiting plan to be successful, Tanglewood has to determine which method to use. Though each division uses a variation of methods to search for their job candidates, there has to be some consistency across the whole organization. WESTERN WASHINGTON It is the largest and most profitable region of all the Tanglewood stores, mainly because it is centered around Seattle which is a big urban city. In keeping with the company’s culture and values, this region strongly believes in employee participation and autonomy. This region’s primary method of recruiting is employee referral. In the Seattle area, job Services is also heavily used for recruiting. Lastly, to fill positions that have not been met with the initial methods, the Kiosk method is used. Western Washington heavily relies on employee referral recruiting method. Data shows that it gets the largest number of applicants that is 3362, of which 1564(47%) are  qualified and 1048(31%) are hired. This method has one of the highest rate of retention of 712(68%) next only to Job service which is 75% of the hired workforce. The setup cost for employee referrals is the same as Media and Job service which is $250,000. However, it has the highest variable cost amongst all the methods of $2,356,240, thus putting the total cost to $2,606,240 which is even higher than the Kiosk method. The cost per hire is $2,486.87 and the cost per 1 year survival is $3,660.45. This reveals that even though the employee referral method costs almost $1,100 more than Job service, in terms of qualification rate, hiring rate and employee retention it yields better. Job service data shows that it yields 4236 applicants, of which 1398(33%) are qualified and only 378(9%) are hired. This method has the highest rate of retention after 1 year of 284(75%). But if we look at the number it is only 284 employees versus 712 in referral. The setup cost for Job service is the same as Media and employee referrals, but it has the lowest variable cost amongst all the methods of $462,720, thus putting the total cost to $712,720 which is the lowest of all the methods. The cost per hire is $1,885.50 and the cost per 1 year survival is $2,509.58. This reveals that this is the cheapest method used for recruiting however the retention rate for this method is also the lowest. The kiosk method in the recruiting data shows that it yields 3114 job applicants, of which 1278(41%) are qualified and only 652(21%) are hired. This method has a retention rate after 1 year of 358(55%). This method is the most expensive with the setup cost of $40,000 and the variable cost of $1,413,574, thus putting the total cost to $2,413,574 which is the highest of all the methods. The cost per hire is $3,701.80 and the cost per 1 year survival is $6,741.83. This reveals that this is the second most expensive method used for recruiting per hire. The Media method in the recruiting data shows that is it the most expensive method in terms of applicants attracted and hired. It yields only 1430 job applicants, of which 536(37%) are qualified and only 204(14%) are hired. This method has a retention rate after 1 year of 92(45%). The setup cost is $10,000 and the variable cost of $469,280, thus putting the total cost to $719,280 which is slightly higher than Job service. However, the cost per hire is $3,525.88 and the cost per 1 year survival is the highest at $7,818.26. This reveals that this is the most expensive method used for recruiting per hire. Seeing the methods used and their results in  attracting and retaining employees, western Washington should continue using Employee referral method as their primary method, along with job service and Kiosk. EASTERN WASHINGTON Eastern Washington is very similar to western Washington in its management styles. It is where the company originated. It has 25 stores like Western Washington but the area apart from Spokane is largely rural. Though this region has pioneered all the organizational policies, since it the birthplace of the organization, it has created some variations due to its geographical differences. It largely uses traditional media methods of Advertising for recruiting more than any other method. Data shows that Media yields the most applicants 4592, of which 1608(35%) are qualified and 676(15%) are hired. This method has a rate of retention after 1 year of 352(52%). The total cost is $1,799,200 and the cost per hire is $2,661.54 and the cost per 1 year survival is $5,111.36. Employee referral data shows that it gets 4046 applicants, of which 1720(43%) are qualified and 1016(25%) are hired. This method has the highest rate of retention after 1 year of 762(75%). The total cost for employee referrals is the highest at $2,565,760. However, the cost per hire is $2,525.35 and the cost per 1 year survival is $3,367.14 which is the lowest amongst all the methods used. The kiosk methods in the recruiting data shows that it yields the lowest number of job applicants that is 2776, of which 1110(40%) are qualified and only 444(16%) are hired. This is mainly due to the fact that the area has a rural population who probably feel more comfortable applying for the job through an advertisement than physically going to the store and applying at the Kiosk. This method has a retention rate after 1 year of 284(64%) which is the second highest only after Media. The cost per hire is $4,466.07 and the cost per 1 year survival is $6,982.17. This reveals that this is the most expensive method used for recruiting per hire. This reveals that the region should make necessary changes to yield better results for recruiting more effectively. They should focus more on emp loyee referral which has yielded the highest rate of retention, and the lowest cost per hire as well as cost per 1 year survival. NORTHERN OREGON Northern Oregon has a very different philosophy for running its operations which is more professional in nature. It has a hierarchical decision making structure which is opposite to the company’s culture. It largely uses traditional media methods of Media, Kiosk and Staffing Agencies for recruiting. The kiosk method yields the most applicants that is 3896, of which 1656(43%) are qualified and only 696(18%) are hired. This method has a retention rate after 1 year of 446(64%) which is the second highest only after Agency. The total cost is $2,246,696 which is the highest. The cost per hire is $3,228.01 and the cost per 1 year survival is $5,037.43. Data shows that Media yields 2686 applicants, of which 1102(41%) are qualified and 364(14%) are hired. This method has a rate of retention after 1 year of 164(45%). The total cost is $1,022,720 and the cost per hire is $2,809.67 and the cost per 1 year survival is $6,236.10 which is the highest amongst all the methods used in Northern Oregon. The Staffing Agency method in the recruiting data shows that it yields the lowest number of job applicants that is 1290, of which 614(48%) are qualified and only 490(38%) are hired. This method has the highest retention rate after 1 year of 402(82%). The setup cost is the highest at $900,000, whereas the total cost is $1,451,400. The cost per hire is $2,962.04 and the cost per 1 year survival is $3,610.45 which is the lowest. This region should focus more on getting qualified applicants from staffing agencies as it yields the lowest cost per hire as well as cost per 1 year survival. SOUTHERN OREGON Southern Oregon is known for its innovativeness as a lot of recruiting methods were first tried in this region. It is the smallest division with only 16 stores, tough they are looking to expand into northern California. The primary methods used for recruiting in this region are Staffing agencies, referrals and Kiosk. Data shows that employee referral gets 1384 applicants, of which 610(44%) are qualified and 396(29%) are hired. This method has the second highest rate of retention after 1 year of 290(73%). The total cost for employee referrals is $1,054,880. However, the cost per hire is $2,663.84 and the cost per 1 year survival is $3,637.52 which is the lowest amongst all the methods used. The kiosk methods in the recruiting data shows that it yields the highest number of job applicants that is 2280,  of which 866(38%) are qualified and only 346(15%) are hired. This method has a retention rate after 1 year of 216(62%) which is the second highest only after Agency. The total cost is $1,409,600 which is the highest of all the three methods used. The cost per hire is $4,073.99 and the cost per 1 year survival is $6,525.93. This reveals that this is the most expensive method used for recruiting per hire. The Staffing Agency method in the recruiting data shows that it yields 1132 applicants, of which 522(46%) are qualified and 392(35%) are hired. This method has the highest retention rate after 1 year of 336(86%). The setup cost is the highest at $800,000, whereas the total cost is $1,245,120. The cost per hire is $3,716.33 and the cost per 1 year survival is $3,705.71. Therefore, this division should focus on referrals and agencies for getting the best recruits. CASE 6 – INTERVIEW Hiring the right person starts with the interviewing process. Conducting a successful interview requires a skilled interviewer to adequately prepare for the meeting and to recognize and respond to the dynamics of the situation. Although being a skilled interviewer is part of the equation, applying the correct interview technique can be just as important. There are several types of interview techniques used by managers: traditional interview, behavior interview and situational interview techniques. Tanglewood is looking to revise its selection methods for the department manager position. Presently, there is no structure to the selection process for this position. The current method of hiring department managers is similar to the one used for store associates. Tanglewood is looking to have a more efficient policy for screening. They would like to create a good sequence of staffing procedures by creating a selection plan for the department manager position as well as building a structured interviewing format which would include both situational and behavioral questions. A selection plan establishes an understanding of the job so you can hire the most qualified applicant. The plan lays out the major responsibilities of the job, identifies what KSAOs are needed to perform the job, and identifies the most effective selection procedures to use. INADEQUATE KSAO MEASURES There are a couple of inadequacies as far as the KSAO measurement is concerned. Those are the knowledge of legal Precepts and skill in analysis of financial and operational data. Both these KSAOs are not sufficiently measured during the selection process. It is essential for the department manager to be knowledgeable about the legal aspects concerning the retail business. The department managers in addition to having knowledge of legal aspects of the business need to have some kind of financial skills as well. A candidate’s knowledge in these fields can be tested through the interview process. 4. Knowledge of customer base served by the store| Yes| X| 5. Skills in managing personnel resource| Yes| X X| 6. Communication and speaking skills| Yes| X X| BIO=Biodata, MAE=Marshfield Applicant For, RK=Retail Knowledge, CON=Conscientiousness, EXT=Extroversion The current selection plan for the store manager bears some resemblance to the hiring process of store associates, but at a higher level. Tanglewood is seeking to change their hiring process for this position so as to hire the most appropriate applicant. Furthermore, the Spokane store where they are trying to fill this position has a symbolic value to the organization. It is not only the largest store in the chain but also nearly all managers are send to this store as part of their initial training. Therefore, it is important to create a hiring model that will help fill the position of store manager for this store but also help standardize the hiring process so that other stores can follow too. When we look at two of KSAOs, t hat is â€Å"Knowledge of Organizational policies and practices† and â€Å"Knowledge of Retail management policies and practices†, we can consider two  options. One is that the applicant should be knowledgeable about basic Organizational and Retail management policies and practices. Second is that if he is an external hire, he cannot be expected to know the Tanglewood’s Organizational and retail policies and practices. Only an internal hire would know that. As a result, we have marked the KSAO â€Å"Knowledge of Organizational policies and practices† and â€Å"Knowledge of Retail management policies and practices† as both â€Å"Yes† and â€Å"No†. â€Å"Yes† to be aware of basic Organizational and Retail management policies and practices, and â€Å"No† to the need to know Tanglewood’s Organizational and retail policies and practices. Tanglewood uses various methods to measure the KSAOs needed for the position of store manager. This position needs Behavioral KSAOs which measure soft skills which are the attitudes and approaches the applicants take to their work, such as a ability to collaborate on team projects or the ability to communicate orally with a broad range of individuals. Hence it is very important that the store manager possesses skills like sound decision making and communication skills. Other KSAOs necessary for the selection should be weighed depending on their importance to the job and as to whether they can be further enhanced by training on the job. Following a standardized selection process can help recruit the best candidate to achieve Tanglewood’s goals and maintain its corporate culture.

My College Plans :: essays research papers

My College Plans   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At first I never had wanted to go to college because I didn't like school, but now as I get older I realize that I will need a college education to make it in life. So when the question came up what college would I like to go to? I knew right away that I wanted to go to the University of Kentucky. It is the only college that I would ever considering going to, I love this college with a deep passion. They have my favorite basketball team and the also represent Kentucky (The state in which I was born.).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From its modest beginnings in 1865, when it was known as a State College, the University of Kentucky has grown into one of the nation's most outstanding institutions of higher learning. As a comprehensive land-grant university, UK offers an educational experience that cannot be matched anywhere in the Commonwealth. The Lexington campus consist of 764 acres and 24,200 students. It also employs 1,796 full-time faculty members. UK ranks among the top 100 research institutions in the nation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When I was asked the question what I wanted to be when I grow up I really didn't know, until my Sophomore year of high school. It wasn't till then when I decided that I wanted to be a journalist. I guess I just hadn't had my call until then. This was the year that probably changed my whole life. It was the year that I took my first year of newspaper class. I really chose the class not knowing what I was about to encounter. But, after I got to know everyone and how the class worked I knew that I found my calling. I really enjoyed the class that year because I really liked the teacher and the student editor. They made learning how the newspaper class worked and how to work together as a team fun. I am now in my second year of the Pacer Post and looking forward to another year ahead of me.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hopefully when I graduate I will have 3 years of high school newspaper class plus, I would like to have some on the job training. I already have a lot of experience with all kinds of computer programs such as: Microsoft Works, Microsoft Word, Adobe Pagemaker 6.0, Corel 6.0, Netscape, Microsoft Internet Explorer, and Windows 95. I think that the combination of all these things plus a college degree will make for a good career in journalism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When I attend the University of Kentucky I will not have to work through

Foreshadowing and Dramatic Irony in Death and the Maiden Essay

Foreshadowing is the warning or the indication that something else is going to happen later on in the story. In Death and the Maiden, Ariel Dorfman uses this literary device to the maximum, exploring all the different ways he can make the reader predict or foresee what’s going to happen next. However, Dorfman also takes on the audience’s ideas and implements dramatic irony, giving the plot a twist of events and making the audience question themselves and their own theories as to why the character acts that way or why the author set things as they are. Dorfman takes the idea of dramatic irony when referring to the characters and their roles in the play. The greatest contrast in the play is between Paulina and Gerardo. Paulina Salas, a forty year old woman, waits for her husband late at night when she sees a car come towards her house. At first, Paulina is presented as the typical housewife, scared, insecure, loyal and loving towards her husband, who might even feel inferior, since she feels safer and secure when she has the gun. There is, however, an understatement, between the roles Paulina and her husband, Gerardo Escobar, play. First he calls her ‘Poor little love’ (Act 1, Scene 1, p. 4) and continues to see her as his little, dependant, fragile, used woman, that can only do what women at the time were supposed to do; housework. Yet, during their conversations she only gives him sharp, short responses, most of the time seeming even a bit harsh: GERARDO: I’m really not in the mood for arguing, but we had agreed that†¦ PAULINA: You were supposed to do it. I take care of the house, and you take care of- GERARDO: You don’t want help but afterward you†¦ PAULINA: -the car at least. GERARDO: †¦afterward you complain. PAULINA: I never complain. GERARDO: This is an absurd discussion. What’re we fighting about? I’ve already forgotten what we†¦ PAULINA: We’re not fighting, darling. You accused me of not fixing your spare†¦ (Death and the Maiden, Act 1, Scene 1) This conversation shapes the idea of gender roles in the play, and how later on she becomes ‘in-charge’ and Gerardo becomes the ‘wife’, she wants to be in control, wants to have authority, but in a more passive-aggressive manner. In addition, one can also argue about Paulina’s love-hate  relationship with Gerardo, as she is clearly very emotionally attached to him, yet seems as though she treats him with a sort of disrespect or harsh manner. Paulina’s strange relationship also brings the audience to question this woman’s sense of judgment, and maybe even her past. Ironically, later she refers to him as ‘my little man’, contrasting with how he called her, and making sure that Gerardo knows that he is her husband, and she’s in charge. Furthermore, Dorfman shows the dramatic irony in the gender roles once Paulina finds out about Doctor Miranda and gets the gun. At the beginning of the play, the gun was a sign of safety and security, and by the climax, she uses the gun to manipulate Roberto and Gerardo to do what she wants, and what she thinks is ‘fair’. GERARDO: Paulina, I’m asking you to please give me that gun. PAULINA: No. GERARDO: While you point it at me, there is no possible dialogue. PAULINA: On the contrary, as soon as I stop pointing it at you, all dialogue will automatically terminate. If it put it down, you’ll use your strength to win the argument. (Death and the Maiden, Act 1, scene 4, pgs- 24-25) Paulina knows that without the gun, she is hopeless. Her own husband won’t listen to her, and they think she’s completely crazy. All she wants is justice and to make things even between her presumable rapist, Dr. Miranda, and her. However, the ‘strength’ she’s is referring to is open to the audience’s interpretation. It might have something to do with his metaphorical strength, his job as a lawyer, is to bring out justice and put things back the way they were; the way things have always been done. A more farfetched idea is that it could be a reference to his physical strength, since men are generally stronger than women, which relates to the fact that Paulina was raped and tortured, making reference to sort of, in a way, daring him to physically win over her. In conclusion, Ariel Dorfman uses foreshadowing to help the audience shape their own ideas and theories regarding the play, yet uses dramatic irony to, in a way, twist the plot to sort of give it an interesting turn of events, like the gender roles in Death and the Maiden? and give the audience something they hadn’t thought of, hence, the irony.

Global Issue Human Trafficking Free Essay Example, 2000 words

Finally, an increase in corruption in developing countries has enabled trafficking in women to go unpunished despite being illegal. These trends have combined to make women â€Å"cheap and disposable†, particularly in developing countries with minimal implementation of both national and international human rights laws (Mohajerin, 2006). Improvement in Fighting Trafficking in Women International agreements seeking to prevent trafficking in women have existed for the last more than 50 years. Because of the particular effects of trafficking in women, these agreements have sought to provide comprehensive assistance to transit and destination countries in combating the practice (Potts, 2003). They have also been aimed at providing assistance and protection to victims when they are returned to their original countries, including vocational training, legal and psychological counseling, medical care, and safe accommodation. For instance, the UN Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power seeks to ensure that victims, including trafficked women, can access prompt redress from the justice system (Potts, 2003). The Declaration also requires that governments in their original countries must ensure the victims are given access to social services, while also being informed of available social and health services. We will write a cust om essay sample on Global Issue: Human Trafficking or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now However, these measures are mainly aimed at protecting the victims of trafficking in women. Because of the complexities of trafficking in women, the need for a multi-faceted approach has arisen in tackling the practice (Wirsing, 2012). While the anti-trafficking interventions at national level have mostly been focused on prosecution and legal reform, strategies that aim to be successful should move beyond the realm of prosecuting traffickers after the act. NGOs and governmental bodies have taken the lead in addressing trafficking, both in the short and long term, including awareness-raising and educational initiatives, lobbying efforts, and technical cooperation and training programs for the judiciary and law enforcement. Educational initiatives as a form of raising awareness among the general public, as well as vulnerable girls and women, have gained increased relevance (Anonymous, 2003). For example, the US National Advisory Council on Violence against Women came up with a toolkit aimed at providing concrete guidelines for community and policy leaders and NGOs seeking t o end victimization of women, including through trafficking (MacClain, 2006).